Question: Good afternoon, Lyn. This is  Neil from the D.C. crew, I organize part-time. I have a question about Sun Yat-sen, the first President of the Republic of China. He noticed some profound difficulties in the United States' Constitution; he called it the "three powers of the Constitution." So, he added two more: the examination and supervisory part of it. Do you know anything about that?

My other question is about this Cultural Revolution in China. And, you can probably actually compare that to the French Revolution; what Pol Pot did; and the Hitler Youth. And nowadays, the term "revolution" is more romanticized now. That's all.

LaRouche: Sun Yat-sen was actually a revolutionary. Remember that China had been largely destroyed by the British, with the opium trade, and similar operations. And then, was destroyed again, by the Japanese, in 1894, launching the first Sino-Japanese War. Then, the second Sino-Japanese War, was the one that led into the World War II in the Pacific.

But, Sun Yat-sen was an offshore Chinese, and much of the struggle for freedom in China came through the stimulus of the offshore Chinese--or, Chinese abroad, as they're sometimes called. And Sun Yat-sen was living in Hawaii. And, he was in the protected orbit of a group of the American missionary societies' orientation, which was John Quincy Adams' relic toward the Far East.

Remember, the policy of the United States, in this area, is a policy of Manifest Destiny. The concept of Manifest Destiny was articulated by John Quincy Adams first, but the idea was already there. The intent of the United States, was not to create a federal union of the states. That is commonly taught, and it's false. The intention of the United States, was to create a nation. A nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast, which would be capable of defending itself against the horrors that were coming out of Europe. Not to conquer something, but that.

The major fight of the United States was, in the first instance, to prevent the Spanish, the French, and the British, from their interventions and causing Indian wars, and things of that sort, in the interior of the United States. And to protect the security of the nation against these forces.

So, this was extended, by Quincy Adams, and people following, including James Blaine, who was one of the greatest diplomats of our national history, into what became known as the Manifest Destiny with respect to the Pacific. Our conception was, that we must intervene, in the Pacific, to enable the people of Asia to free themselves from the kind of affliction, which they had suffered from Europe. And our purpose was to promote the development of movements of independence of sovereign nations nation, in these areas.

For example: The Japanese industrial revolution was created by the United States. It was set fully into motion, in 1876, by the leading economist of the world, at that time, Henry C. Carey, who sent E. Peshine Smith, one of his students, to Japan, to show the Japanese how to make an industrial economy.

The same thing was in China. The United States policy was to have China emerge as a sovereign nation-state, on the other side of the Pacific. And, that by alliance, with Asian nations in the Pacific--as sovereign nations; their development, as sovereign nations--that we would have friends across the Pacific, to ensure peace and order against the kind of evils, with the British, Dutch, Portuguese, and French imperialism, represented in that part of the world.

Sun Yat-sen was the conscious leader of that movement, and was especially a target of the British, who tried to kill him, and about everything else you could imagine. And he was actually the father of the founding of China. Because of complications, which developed after World War I, and in particular, complications arising from--. See, the Japanese, in 1894-95, started the first Sino-Japanese War. This was followed by the Japanese conquest of Korea. This was followed by the Japanese launching of the Russo- Japanese War, under British direction: That is, Japan broke from the United States, and went to war against China, contrary to its relationship to the United States, and this started the whole mess out there.

So, Sun Yat-sen was operating in that environment. After the first effort to establish a modern China, under Sun Yat-sen, this was broken apart by the intervention of this continued Japanese role, especially with the army, which the Japanese developed in Manchuria. And this army became, then, the force in Japan, the imperial force, which then led in the 1920s, to the essential overthrow of Hirohito, the Emperor--even though he was still Emperor--and took control of the policy of Japan. And, Japan then went into the second Sino-Japanese War, as a result of that policy.

So, the history of the period, plus the fact that Truman took over, instead of Roosevelt, at the end of the war, created problems, which would, otherwise, have been solved, in respect to China.

So, essentially Sun Yat-sen -- and I believe, among most Chinese, Sun Yat-sen, today, is revered as a great leader and founder of the China nation.

Now, China is a complicated nation. It's not a simple nation: There're many different cultural currents in China. To maintain modern China, which has many differentiations within it--the coastal area, interior area, so forth; different Taoist, Legalist, Confucian-Mencian tradition, and so forth. These traditions, they try to maintain a balance, a consent, among the leading forces of China on a national policy.

China does not take an aggressive policy, in its outlook. It takes a policy of development. It takes a long-range policy; a multi-generational way of thinking, about getting through the present; accommodating various conflicting forces to one another, to maintain the unity of China, for the sake of its future.

And, Sun Yat-sen is integrated, I think, in China--what I know. For example, we published, we got a copy of Sun Yat-sen's plan for development of China. We got this through my wife. We got it into Beijing, in--I think it was 1996, or something like that. So, we got this document, had it republished in Chinese, and distributed it among leading Chinese. And, the reception among leading Chinese, of our digging this thing out and circulating it inside China, was that this was a contribution to their effort, to understand and reconcile a long history.

So, the ideas of Sun Yat-sen involve two things: It involves a general acceptance and belief in the principles of the American System of political economy. A thorough believer of that. A believer in the system of the Preamble of the Constitution.

It also represented a response, at a later time than the Constitution, to the [question]: "How do we deal with the world situation?" Because the Manifest Destiny concept, of Quincy Adams, which is also the concept, actually, of George Washington, of Benjamin Franklin, and of Blaine, Abraham Lincoln. Now, the world had become mature. The United States had become a major power. We had the fight between the British and the Americans, during the period of World War II: Churchill against Roosevelt; the post-war period. So, this is the history of the period.

And, in this context, between the 1890s and the beginning of the 1920s, with Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen was a part of this process, of trying to define a system of international relations, in accord with their concept of a notion of Manifest Destiny. I mean, our concept, and my concept, today, is always that of Manifest Destiny: We have a nation. We have to think in terms of several generations ahead. We have to think of how we're going to build the nation. We have to think about how we're going to deal with other nations, which also should be developing their nations, in the same way. We have to define, how nations, which have different cultural tendencies, can work with one another around common principles. In other words: You don't have to agree on everything, but you have to find common principles of cooperation, on which you can agree.

So, these are reflected--as in respect to your question--in Sun Yat-sen's attempts to define alternatives to supplement the American Dream, for the reality of China, and the Pacific region, in the period that he emerged as a leader of China.

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