Question: What is the objective of this war, and what kind of government can be implemented in Europe? And if you have the time, could you comment a little bit on your research on astronomy?

LaRouche: The object of this war, by forces inside the United States and elsewhere, is simply world fascism. Universal fascism, which means a new kind of Hitlerian world empire, run by killers around the world, like the way the Roman Legions used to go across borders and kill entire populations, hunt them down and kill them like animals. That's what the intent is. To set up that kind of world, an end-of-history world. That's what we're up against.

On astronomy, that's another whole thing. My views on astronomy are limited, but crucial. The interesting thing is how you view the universe.  Some leading astronomers tell us how old the universe is. I laugh. They're making a bad joke. How do they know how old the universe is? Well, they tell you certain things. I say, how can I believe you? What's your yardstick? How do you measure time? It's an interesting question. I've written about it in various locations, and you can look up what I've said on these questions. But my main point was, you start with the sun. Kepler's view of the universe. The fast rotating sun. Our sun. No neighbors. No planets. This sun spins off material, it sheds material from the sun into a kind of ring around the sun. This ring tends to become polarized. Now radiation from the sun hits this ring. The effective temperature in the ring is higher than in the sun. Now, thermonuclear fusion is occurring in the ring, as in the sun, but the rate and level of fusion in the ring is higher than in the sun. Therefore, only in such a ring could we have generated a periodic table of the type we found prior to our development of synthetic nuclear forms.

What happened then? The material from the ring spread out into the available orbits, as Kepler defines these orbits. Sort of like distillation, like fractal distillation, as in petroleum, for example. The material is then spread along the planetary ring, but because of the Keplerian characteristics, the elliptical characteristics, of the orbit, the material in the ring then condenses into a planet and its associated moon or moons. And thus the planets are arranged in a configuration. Now, you think about the universe from that standpoint, from the standpoint of Riemannian physics, and you say, what is the universe? Well, the universe starts from one level, and it has a certain development in it. The development is like the development of the earth, which generated a biosphere, and then a noösphere. So we have in the planets and in the individual bodies in the universe, we find a constant process of development.

Now, if I look at this from the standpoint of Riemannian mathematical physics, you say, what is time? You throw out the crazy Cartesian sense of time as space and time, in a linear sense. And if somebody tries to find a linear measurement of time reactions in the universe, I say it's silly. You don't know what you're talking about. You are describing a universe which is a Riemannian process. It's becoming more and more complex, and higher forms of organization are coming out of relatively simpler forms of organization. In such a condition, the pathway of least action defined by the inherent physical curvature of the universe, must change. This means the measurement of time and the sense of time must change. Time is not a ticking clock. Time is a relationship of reactions in the universe, physical reactions. And as the universe becomes more complex, in a sense it speeds up. The same or equivalent action occurs more rapidly, as we see in human processes, in economic processes. The characteristic is to develop higher forms, which give the universe a changed physical curvature, in which the effective action is more efficient, more powerful than before.

And so, my approach to astronomy is not astronomy as such, even though I'm fascinated with Kepler and the implications of Kepler's work. My sense of the universe is Riemannian, which is my work in physical economy. And in physical economy, I know how these things work, and I know that the idea of time, the Cartesian sense of time, the empiricist conception of time, is what confuses many astronomers, who very foolishly go out and tell you how many years ago or billions of years ago, certain events happened in the universe. What's your clock? Who has been changing the clock? Is it ticking faster or slower? And this has to be taken into account -- how do you measure time? There is no such thing as absolute time. There is only relative time.

-30-